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History · 1950

SEAT and the making of Spain’s automotive industry

Founded in 1950 with state, banking and technical participation from Fiat, SEAT turned carmaking into a large-scale industrial project. From the 1400 built at Zona Franca to the popular 600, and from its break with Fiat to integration into Volkswagen, the company’s history shows how industrial policy, manufacturing expertise and changing patterns of mobility intersected in Spain.

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Analysis · 1950

From 78s to LPs: how record formats organized musical time

The playing time on each side of a record shaped what could be recorded, how music was released and how listeners used their players. From shellac 78s to Columbia’s microgroove LP and RCA Victor’s 45-rpm single, changing formats altered musical publishing and home listening without dictating a single idea of what an album should be.

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