Documentary record connected to the editorial archive.
A system for remotely consulting files through linked texts. According to CCCB, its prototype was built in 1991 after HTML was developed at CERN in 1990.
From ARPA and ARPANET to TCP/IP, the Web, and the institutional changes of 2009: a reading of the available milestones that separates documented chronology, source attributions, and still-open gaps.
Open storyA reading of the Internet before the web through ARPANET, email, remote access and file transfer: uses that turned a research network into a communications infrastructure.
Open storyThe Web began as a way to consult remote files through linked texts. This feature compares that documentary idea, developed at CERN between 1990 and 1991, with the cultural meaning browsing acquired as browsers and search tools became more widespread.
Open storyIn 1990, a CERN group of physicists led by Tim Berners-Lee developed HTML and created the prototype that would be built in 1991 as the World Wide Web. This analysis places that change within an Internet already used for email, file transfer and remote access, and explains why linked text changed the experience of finding and navigating information.
Open storyThe Web did not create the Internet, but it radically changed how it was used. This careful overview explains how links, browsers and search helped turn a network of technical services into an everyday space during the 1990s.
Open storyA reading of the pre-web Internet as a working infrastructure: connected computers, remote access, file transfer, email, and the still incomplete search for ways to organise distributed information.
Open storyThe history of the early Internet cannot be reduced to the arrival of the World Wide Web. Email, remote access, file transfer, discussion groups and projects such as Gopher reveal a network with varied uses and ways of organizing information.
Open storyPopular memory often equates the Internet with pages and browsers. The available sources tell a broader story: a network infrastructure supporting different services, with email as a central practice and the Web as a later layer of linked documents.
Open storyThe history of the internet is often told as a succession of milestones. The available sources also invite us to consider less visible services, forms of collaboration and the gaps left by any timeline.
Open storyThe Web made the Internet more visible, but it did not create it. Email and other network services already enabled communication and remote access before links and browsers brought the network to a wider audience.
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